Traditionally transitions between different activities or fragments involved enter and exit transitions that animated entire view hierarchies independent to each other. Example of such transitions are a fade transition, slide transition or the newly introduced explode transition.
Default Activity Transition (without Shared Element Activity Transition):
However, many times, there are elements common to both activities and providing the ability to transition these shared elements separately emphasizes continuity between transitions and breaks activity boundaries as the user navigates the app.
The nature of this transition forces the human eye to focus on the content and its representation in the new activity instead of the actual activity frame sliding or fading which makes the experience a lot more seamless.
Note that the shared element transitions require Android 5.0 (API level 21) and above and will be ignored for any lower API versions. Be sure to check the version at runtime before using API 21 specific features.
Enable Window Content Transitions in your styles.xml file:
<!-- Base application theme. -->
<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
<!-- Customize your theme here. -->
<item name="android:windowContentTransitions">true</item>
...
</style>Assign a common transition name to the shared elements in both layouts. Use the android:transitionName attribute.
For e.g. in MainActivity.xml:
<androidx.cardview.widget.CardView
...>
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/ivProfile"
android:transitionName="profile"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="160dp" />
...
</androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>In DetailActivity.xml:
<LinearLayout
...>
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/ivProfile"
android:transitionName="profile"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="380dp" />
...
</LinearLayout>Note that it doesn't matter if the android:id is different or where in the layout hierarchy the source and target views exist.
Start the target activity by specifying a bundle of those shared elements and views from the source.
Intent intent = new Intent(this, DetailsActivity.class);
// Pass data object in the bundle and populate details activity.
intent.putExtra(DetailsActivity.EXTRA_CONTACT, contact);
ActivityOptionsCompat options = ActivityOptionsCompat.
makeSceneTransitionAnimation(MainActivity.this, (View)ivProfile, "profile");
startActivity(intent, options.toBundle());Thats it! Specifying the source view along with the transition name ensures that even if you have multiple views with the same transition name in the source hierarchy, it will essentially be able to pick the right view to start the animation from.
To reverse the scene transition animation when you finish the second activity, call the Activity.supportFinishAfterTransition() method instead of Activity.finish(). Also, you will need to override the behavior of the home button in the ToolBar/ ActionBar for such cases:
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
// Respond to the action bar's Up/Home button
case android.R.id.home:
supportFinishAfterTransition();
return true;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}Sometimes, you might want to animate multiple elements from the source view hierarchy. This can be achieved by using distinct transition names in the source and target layout xml files.
Intent intent = new Intent(context, DetailsActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(DetailsActivity.EXTRA_CONTACT, contact);
Pair<View, String> p1 = Pair.create((View)ivProfile, "profile");
Pair<View, String> p2 = Pair.create(vPalette, "palette");
Pair<View, String> p3 = Pair.create((View)tvName, "text");
ActivityOptionsCompat options = ActivityOptionsCompat.
makeSceneTransitionAnimation(this, p1, p2, p3);
startActivity(intent, options.toBundle());Note: By default android.util.Pair will be imported but we want to select the android.support.v4.util.Pair class instead.
Be careful to not overdo transitions between shared elements. While it can make sense to have one cohesive unit animate from one screen to another (which may or may not contain multiple shared elements), having too many shared elements will result in a distracting animation which makes the experience more jarring.
In Android L, shared elements transition defaults to a combination of ChangeBounds, ChangeTransform, ChangeImageTransform, and ChangeClipBounds. This works well for most typical cases. However, you may customize this behavior or even define your own custom transition.
<!-- Base application theme. -->
<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
<!-- enable window content transitions -->
<item name="android:windowContentTransitions">true</item>
<!-- specify enter and exit transitions -->
<!-- options are: explode, slide, fade -->
<item name="android:windowEnterTransition">@transition/change_image_transform</item>
<item name="android:windowExitTransition">@transition/change_image_transform</item>
<!-- specify shared element transitions -->
<item name="android:windowSharedElementEnterTransition">
@transition/change_image_transform</item>
<item name="android:windowSharedElementExitTransition">
@transition/change_image_transform</item>
</style>The change_image_transform transition in this example is defined as follows:
<!-- res/transition/change_image_transform.xml -->
<transitionSet xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<changeImageTransform/>
</transitionSet>To enable window content transitions at runtime instead, call the Window.requestFeature() method:
// inside your activity (if you did not enable transitions in your theme)
getWindow().requestFeature(Window.FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS);
// set an enter transition
getWindow().setEnterTransition(new Explode());
// set an exit transition
getWindow().setExitTransition(new Explode());Often times you want to exclude from the animation sequence the use of the status bar, ActionBar, and navigation bar, especially if shared elements will be drawn on top of them (see this Google post for more details). You can exclude these elements by add a <targets> tag and specify the ID of the elements to exclude:
<slide xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:slideEdge="right"
android:duration="1000">
<targets>
<!-- if using a custom Toolbar container, specify the ID of the AppBarLayout -->
<target android:excludeId="@id/app_bar_layout" />
<target android:excludeId="@android:id/statusBarBackground"/>
<target android:excludeId="@android:id/navigationBarBackground"/>
</targets>
</slide>See this official guide on Defining Custom Animations for more details.
If the shared elements require data loaded by an AsyncTask, a Loader, or something similar before their final appearance within the called activity can be determined, the framework might start the transition before that data is delivered back to the main thread.
To overcome this, the Activity Transitions API gives us a way to temporarily delay the transition until we know for sure that the shared elements have been properly measured and laid out.
To temporarily prevent the shared element transition from starting, call postponeEnterTransition() (API >= 21) or supportPostponeEnterTransition() (API < 21) in your called activity’s onCreate() method. Later, when you know for certain that all of your shared elements have been properly positioned and sized, call startPostponedEnterTransition() (API >= 21) or supportStartPostponedEnterTransition() (API < 21) to resume the transition.
A common pattern you’ll find useful is to start the postponed transition in an OnPreDrawListener, which will be called after the shared element has been measured and laid out.
// ... load remote image with Glide/Picasso here
supportPostponeEnterTransition();
ivBackdrop.getViewTreeObserver().addOnPreDrawListener(
new ViewTreeObserver.OnPreDrawListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreDraw() {
ivBackdrop.getViewTreeObserver().removeOnPreDrawListener(this);
supportStartPostponedEnterTransition();
return true;
}
}
);If you are running into issues with shared element transitions such as unreliable transitions, the problem likely lies with the order of operation or race conditions associated with loading asynchronous data. For example, if the shared element relies on an image being loaded by Picasso, then we need to properly time the transition to animate reliably:
Picasso.with(this).load(photoUrl).resize(displayWidth, 0).into(ivCourse,
new Callback() {
@Override
public void onSuccess() {
// Call the "scheduleStartPostponedTransition()" method
// below when you know for certain that the shared element is
// ready for the transition to begin.
scheduleStartPostponedTransition(ivCourse);
}
@Override
public void onError() {
// ...
}
});
/**
* Schedules the shared element transition to be started immediately
* after the shared element has been measured and laid out within the
* activity's view hierarchy. Some common places where it might make
* sense to call this method are:
*
* (1) Inside a Fragment's onCreateView() method (if the shared element
* lives inside a Fragment hosted by the called Activity).
*
* (2) Inside a Picasso Callback object (if you need to wait for Picasso to
* asynchronously load/scale a bitmap before the transition can begin).
**/
private void scheduleStartPostponedTransition(final View sharedElement) {
sharedElement.getViewTreeObserver().addOnPreDrawListener(
new ViewTreeObserver.OnPreDrawListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreDraw() {
sharedElement.getViewTreeObserver().removeOnPreDrawListener(this);
startPostponedEnterTransition();
return true;
}
});
}Check out this article for a detailed look at scheduling postponed transitions.
The animation framework does not handle animations when your calling Activity is not in the onResume state. onActivityResult is called prior to onResume in the lifecycle, this means if we would like to start our Activity with our shared element transition we need to call it during or after onResume. We can do this with a simple flag that is set in our onActivityResult and then checked in onResume as follows. Remember to reset the flag once launching your new Activity. See this Stackoverflow post for more info.
private boolean launchNextActivity = false;
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (...) {
this.launchNextActivity = true;
}
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
if (launchNextActivity) {
launchNextActivity = false;
// do the launch
}
}Leveraging shared element transitions works with fragments too in a similar way as was shown above for activities.
Note that the shared element transitions require Android 5.0 (API level 21) and above and will be ignored for any lower API versions. Be sure to check the version at runtime before using API 21 specific features.
Within two fragments let's assign a common transition name to the shared elements in both layouts. Use the android:transitionName attribute and put the view inside both FirstFragment and SecondFragment:
<androidx.cardview.widget.CardView
...>
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/ivProfile"
android:transitionName="profile"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="160dp" />
...
</androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>Add a transition to the res/transition folder named change_image_transform.xml with the following:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<transitionSet xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<changeImageTransform />
</transitionSet>Now within the activity, we can trigger the transition as part of any FragmentTransaction:
// Get access to or create instances to each fragment
FirstFragment fragmentOne = ...;
SecondFragment fragmentTwo = ...;
// Check that the device is running lollipop
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
// Inflate transitions to apply
Transition changeTransform = TransitionInflater.from(this).
inflateTransition(R.transition.change_image_transform);
Transition explodeTransform = TransitionInflater.from(this).
inflateTransition(android.R.transition.explode);
// Setup exit transition on first fragment
fragmentOne.setSharedElementReturnTransition(changeTransform);
fragmentOne.setExitTransition(explodeTransform);
// Setup enter transition on second fragment
fragmentTwo.setSharedElementEnterTransition(changeTransform);
fragmentTwo.setEnterTransition(explodeTransform);
// Find the shared element (in Fragment A)
ImageView ivProfile = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.ivProfile);
// Add second fragment by replacing first
FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
.replace(R.id.container, fragmentTwo)
.addToBackStack("transaction")
.addSharedElement(ivProfile, "profile");
// Apply the transaction
ft.commit();
}
else {
// Code to run on older devices
}Note that we need use methods on the exiting fragment such as setSharedElementReturnTransition and setExitTransition. On the entering fragment, we call setSharedElementEnterTransition and setEnterTransition. Finally we need to find the instance of the shared element and then call addSharedElement(view, transitionName) as part of building the FragmentTransaction. Additional external resources for fragment-to-fragment shared element transitions include:
With that you can apply these handy transitions to fragments as well as to activities.
